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How do Airbnb support business model replication through a multi-sided platform?
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Author: Romain Gandia, U. Savoie Mont Blanc
Author: Corine Genet, Grenoble Ecole de Management
Author: Sylvain Colombero, Grenoble Ecole de Management
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This study analyzes how Airbnb implement their business model replication process to create competitive advantage in the tourism and hospitality industry. Specifically, we address an issue ignored by the literature: the role of multi-sided platforms in the business model replication process. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, we show how the multi-sided platform supports the exploration and exploitation phases in the Airbnb business model replication process. We also underline the instrumental role of the platform in technically standardizing the orchestration between the franchisees and the franchisor and between the local and the global level. This notion of standardization is instructive for managers in charge of a replication process in the tourism and hospitality industry. Our study contributes to a better understanding of business model replication in a digital environment and clarifies the distinction between the concept of multi-sided platform and digital business model while underlining their complementarity
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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Digital platforms and infrastructure: How platform providers form interconnections across standards (WITHDRAWN)
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Author: Sven Niederhöfer, U. of Hamburg
Author: Sebastian Spaeth, U. of Hamburg
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Platform literature often considers platforms in isolation conceptualized as two-sided markets, developer communities, modular products connected to sets of complementary products, or socio-technical organizations, while omitting there connection to the overall infrastructure. Yet, the underlying infrastructure provides technological generativity for platform innovation and is relevant for platform competition in that open standards may decrease platform differentiation as they make complementary products compatible across a range of competing platforms. Against this backdrop we address three questions: RQ1: How do platform providers manage generativity across the layered modular architecture? RQ2: How do platform providers populate their ecosystem to balance generativity and control? RQ3: Which other platforms do platform providers form connections with? To address these questions we construct a unique data set covering 80 platforms in the smart home market and make three contributions to literature. First, we take a broader lens, considering platforms as layered modular architectures forming links to the surrounding infrastructure at different layers. We thereby derive four generative architectures with different degrees in openness. Second, we report four different approaches taken by platform providers to populate their ecosystems. Thereby, we consider the combinations with the architectural configuration that platform providers take and especially highlight the integration of large established platforms on the service layer (cloud-to-cloud). Third, we account for standards and promoted compatibility between platform ecosystems, while we estimate the relative importance of different factors.
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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Towards born sharing: the sharing economy evolution enabled by the digital ecosystems
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Author: Ke Rong, Tsinghua U.
Author: Yining Luo, U. of Cambridge
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Recent years have seen the prosperity of the sharing economy. With innovative sharing business models keeping emerging, there is some controversy around the definition of the sharing economy. This paper argues that the sharing economy is evolving with digitalisation, the locus of sharing economy is access economy rather than Customer-to-Customer (C2C) platform economy. Our study aims to examine how the sharing economy emerges and evolves with digitalisation and the how digital ecosystem enables the evolution. This paper identifies the two digital-enabled evolutionary trends of sharing economy business models, from adapted sharing to born sharing, and from downstream to upstream sharing. In terms of the Born Sharing model, companies sell access services instead of selling products. The mechanism of this evolving economic model is to match the supply and demand by drastically reducing the transaction cost, information asymmetry and market uncertainty with the help of enabling digital technologies and infrastructure. Our research suggests that the emergence and evolution of sharing economy is enabled by the digital ecosystem around, which is composed of two pools: digitally infrastructural pool and digitally enabled pool. This study contributes to sharing economy studies and ecosystem research by conceptualising “born sharing” and providing a dynamic digital ecosystem framework to understand the evolution of the sharing economy.
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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What’s New (for Scholars) about Transaction Platforms? A Systematic Literature Review
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Author: Anne Sophie Barbe, Aalto U., Department of Management Studies
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This paper systematically reviews the literature on transaction platforms by examining what makes transaction platforms novel for organization and management (O&M) scholars. To do so, it tracks the theoretical constructs that these scholars use to conceptualize transaction platforms, as well as the transaction platform’s attributes that they portray as new, by contrast with these theoretical constructs. The systematic analysis of 113 scholarly articles, published in top-tier management journals between 1997 and 2019, reveals that O&M scholars tend to conceptualize transaction platforms as cases of markets, institutions or as cases of organizations. Then, it shows that O&M scholars introduce transaction platforms as novel by stressing three main characteristics: (1) the characteristics of information available to transactions participants (2) the spatio-temporal location of transactions participants and (3) the tasks managed by the owners and/or managers of the transaction infrastructures. Building on these findings, we propose to discuss the definition of transaction platforms and outline directions for future research by suggesting original theoretical constructs for problematizing transaction platforms.
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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