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The adoption of open innovation to address environmental challenges in a process-oriented industry
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Author: Amir Bahman Radnejad, U. of Calgary
Author: Harrie Vredenburg, U. of Calgary
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While the benefits to applying the open innovation model are numerous, scholars have yet to address how this model can be applied effectively to boost process innovation in process-oriented industries. In this paper we extend the open innovation model both theoretically and practically by identifying the boundary conditions that motivate firms and the approaches that have been implemented in practice in applying this model in a process-oriented industry. Using the upstream oil industry, as a representative of process-oriented industries, we explore how firms in this industry have evolved to apply open innovation practices over time to deal with the industry’s challenges. In our investigation, we first explored why these firms adopted the model. We argue that institutional forces represented the primary motivators to adopting open innovation in order to respond to the social and environmental concerns faced by the industry. Second, we explored how firms evolved practices to gain both the benefits of open innovation while overcoming its challenges. In our study of the industry’s evolutionary history in applying the open innovation model, we demonstrate that a variant of an innovation intermediary was a necessary governance organization to address problems of adopting open innovation in this industry. We argue that the lessons learned from the experiments of the upstream oil industry in regards of adoption of the open innovation model can be helpful to other industries, particularly other process-oriented industries, which seek to effectively employ innovation intermediaries.
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Search Terms: Open Innovationn | innovation intermediaries | process innovation
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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Combining Firm-level Secondary Data: Different Matching Methods Do Not Match
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Author: Tim de Leeuw, Tilburg U.
Author: Steffen Keijl, WU Vienna U. of Economics and Business
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Our general orientation and in-depth analyses of recent studies in a top management journal reveals that more than half (i.e., 63 percent) use multiple secondary databases, but only a small percentage (i.e., < 10 percent) reports how the connections between these databases were made. Based on this review, we report on four consecutive methods of matching firm-level data across different secondary databases. We used these four matching methods to obtain data from multiple firm-level data sources. Comparing the results reveals large differences in the number of observations obtained per matching method. Additionally, we empirically investigate the effects of different inter-organizational relationships (e.g., alliances, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions) on firms’ innovative performance, based on these four matching methods. Since these results also differ based on which matching method was used, we argue that reporting the matching method used in a study is of vital importance. This will improve the accumulation of knowledge on how data across secondary databases can be combined and improves the clarity of the conducted studies. Moreover, and based on our results we provide a guideline for a complete matching method. As such this paper should support researchers, reviewers, and editors in making better-informed decisions about how different secondary firm-level databases can and should be combined.
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Search Terms: secondary databases | matching firm-level data | innovative performance
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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From Scratch or from the Top Drawer? A Solver Perspective on Problem Solving in Crowdsourcing
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Author: Sebastian Schaefer, RWTH Aachen U.
Author: J. Nils Foege, RWTH Aachen U.
Author: Dirk Luettgens, RWTH Aachen U.
Author: David Antons, RWTH Aachen U.
Author: Torsten Oliver Salge, RWTH Aachen U.
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Despite the growing attention paid to crowdsourcing contests by innovation management scholars, we know little about the development strategies of solution generating individuals – i.e., solvers – to date. In particular, we have little insights into solvers’ novelty generation strategies and optimal organization to solve complex technological problems such as the ones broadcasted with the assistance of crowdsourcing intermediaries. It is against this backdrop that this article develops a solver perspective on problem solving in crowdsourcing contests. In particular, it examines the relative effectiveness of solution recycling and development, individual and team-based problem solving, and the combination thereof. Analyses of 716 submissions to 379 crowdsourcing contests show that (1) solvers with distant technical backgrounds to the stated problem are more likely to recycle an existing solution, whereas perceived problem novelty increases the probability to develop a new solution; (2) solver teams generate more successful solutions than individual solvers irrespective of the develop versus recycle decision; and (3) that the success of a solution is contingent upon the specifications of the solver team. The findings provide theoretical implications for the literature on crowdsourcing and managerial guidance for solvers, seekers, and intermediaries.
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Search Terms: Crowdsourcing | problem solving | solvers
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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Inbound Open Innovation, Outbound Open Innovation, and their Joint Effect on Firm Performance
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Author: Roberto Camerani, SPRU / U. of Sussex
Author: Stefano Denicolai, U. of Pavia
Author: Monica Masucci, U. of Sussex
Author: Giovanni Valentini, IESE Business School
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This study investigates the relationship between inbound and outbound open innovation activities. More specifically, drawing on a panel dataset of 322 European listed companies over a period of five years, it examines how the joint effect of inbound and outbound knowledge flows affects firm performance, measured both in terms of sales’ growth and profitability (ROA). Our preliminary findings suggest that under certain conditions their interaction may enhance firm performance. More specifically, inbound and outbound flows of knowledge have a synergistic effect on firms’ sales growth only at high level of openness, whereas they have a synergistic effect on profitability only for those firms having large internal technological investments. This study extends our knowledge of the open innovation framework by highlighting some of its boundary conditions. Moreover, it introduces a new measure of open innovation that is both objective and continuous.
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Search Terms: Open Innovation | Technological Innovation | Knowledge
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Paper is No Longer Available Online: Please contact the author(s).
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